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CLBO
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CLBO(硼酸铯锂，CsLiB6O10)是一种新型的非线性晶体。它的透明光谱范围宽（175~2800nm），非线性系数高，是KDP的2.2倍，离散角小。激光破坏阀值高，达26GW/cm2，倍频转换效率达60%（SHG）。

可以在室温工作，很适合Nd:YAG激光器产生4w（266nm）和5w（213nm）倍频光输出。可用于紫外参量振荡（OPG）和参量放大（OPA）。

特点

  • 小离散角；
  • 低吸收系数；
  • 高频转换效率；
  • 容易长大的单晶；
  • 高激光损伤阈值；
  • 高效非线性光学系数；
  • 其紫外线吸收边缘达到180 nm；
  • 较大的角度，光谱和温度带宽值；

物理和化学特性

属性数值
化学式CsLiB6O10
晶体结构四方负单轴晶体，42 m
晶格常数a=10.494Å,c = 8.939Å,Z=4
质量密度2.461 g/cm3
莫氏硬度5.5
熔点1118 K
分子质量364.706
导热系数1.25 W/m K

非线性光学性质

属性数值
NLO系数deff(I)=d36sinθmsin(2φ)
 deff(II)=d36sin(2θm)cos(2φ)
热光系数dno/dT=-1.9*10-6/℃
 dne/dT=-0.5*10-6/℃
损伤阈值26 GW/cm2
波长（nm）532 + 532 = 266
1064 + 266 = 213
相位匹配角（°）61.7
68.4
流量（pm / V）0.84
0.87
角度公差（mrad·cm）0.49
0.42
偏角（°）1.83
1.69
光谱接受度（nm·cm）0.13
0.16
温度接受度（℃·cm）8.3
4.6

线性光学性质

属性Value
透明范围180-2750 nm
吸收系数0.0013 cm−1
折光指数
1.064微米ne = 1.4340, no = 1.4838
0.532微米ne = 1.4445, no = 1.4971
  
Sellmeier方程（λinμmno2 = 2.2104+0.01018/(λ2-0.01424)-0.01258λ2
ne2 = 2.0588+0.00838/(λ2-0.01363)-0.00607λ2

折光指数的实验值

λ[µm]none
0.421.50581.4517
0.451.5031.4493
0.481.50061.4474
0.51.49911.4462
0.5321.49711.4445
0.561.49571.4434
0.591.49431.4422
0.611.49351.4414
0.63281.49281.4409
0.671.49151.4398
0.71.49071.4392
0.721.49021.4387
1.0641.48381.434

相位匹配温度，内部角度和温度带宽的实验值

相互作用波长[μm]θpm [deg]T [◦C]Δθint [deg]ΔT [◦C]
SHG, o + o ⇒ e
0.946 ⇒ 0.47390-15 5
0.5235 ⇒ 0.2617565.8~160  
0.5321 ⇒ 0.2660562~140  
61.4200.236.2
1.0642 ⇒ 0.532129.5200.04352.7
1.3382 ⇒ 0.669127.720 68.7
SFG, o + o ⇒ e
1.0642 + 0.26605 ⇒ 0.2128467.320 3.6
1.547 + 0.221 ⇒ 0.1933861.7150  
1.9079 + 0.2128 ⇒ 0.19145520 1.2
1.0642 + 0.35473 ⇒ 0.2660550.620 6.1
1.0642 + 0.5321 ⇒ 0.3547339.120 18
SHG, e + o ⇒ e
1.0642 ⇒ 0.532142.420 49.4
SFG, e + o ⇒ e
1.9079 + 0.2128 ⇒ 0.191457.420 1.1
1.0642 + 0.5321 ⇒ 0.3547348.920 17

光谱

二次谐波转换效率与输入基本脉冲能量的函数的计算结果

CLBO透射光谱

折射率色散

I和II型的相位匹配角随基波波长的变化

参考文献

[1]  Kawamura T ,  Yoshimura M ,  Shimizu Y , et al. Crystal growth of CsLiB6O10CsLiB6O10 in a dry atmosphere and from a stoichiometric melt composition[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2010, 312(8):1118-1121.
[2] AE Kokh,  Kononova N G ,  Lisova I A , et al. CsLiB6O10 crystal: forth and fifth-harmonic generation in Nd:YAP laser[J]. Proceedings of SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2001, 4268.
[3]  Lv X ,  Yuan J L ,  Dai Y , et al. Study on Ultra-Precise Machining of CLBO Crystal[J]. Key Engineering Materials, 2006, 304-305:398-402.
[4]  Mori Y ,  Kuroda I ,  Nakajima S , et al. New nonlinear optical crystal: Cesium lithium borate[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 1995, 67(13):1818-1820.
[5]  Ryu G ,  Yoon C S ,  Han T , et al. Growth and characterisation of CsLiB6O10 (CLBO) crystals[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 1998, 191(3):492-500.
[6]  Sasaki T ,  Mori Y ,  Kuroda I , et al. Caesium Lithium Borate: a New Nonlinear Optical Crystal[J]. Acta Crystallographica, 2010, 51(11):2222-2224.
[7]  Sekine T ,  Sakai H ,  Takeuchi Y , et al. High efficiency 12.5 J second-harmonic generation from CsLiB6O10 nonlinear crystal by diode-pumped Nd:glass laser[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(7):8393-8400.
[8]  Yu X ,  Hu Z G . Flux growth of CsLiB6O10 crystals[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2010, 312(16-17):2415-2418.
[9]  Yuan X ,  Shen G ,  Wang X , et al. Growth and characterization of large CLBO crystals[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2006, 293(1):97-101.
[10]  Bhar G C ,  Kumbhakar P ,  Chatterjee U , et al. Widely tunable deep ultraviolet generation in CLBO[J]. Optics Communications, 2000, 176(1-3):199-205.
[11]  Ono R ,  Kamimura T ,  Fukumoto S . Effect of crystallinity on the bulk laser damage and UV absorption of CLBO crystals[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2002, 237:645-648.
[12]  Mori Y ,  Kuroda I ,  Nakajima S , et al. Growth of a nonlinear optical crystal: cesium lithium borate[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 1995, 156(3):307-309.
[13]  Mirov S B ,  Fedorov V V ,  Boczar B , et al. All-solid-state laser system tunable in deep ultraviolet based on sum-frequency generation in CLBO[J]. Optics Communications, 2001, 198(4-6):403-406.
[14]  Pylneva N A ,  Kononova N G ,  Yurkin A M , et al. Top-seeded solution growth of CLBO crystals[J]. Proceedings of SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1999, 3610:148-155.
[15]  Yap Y K ,  Inagaki M ,  Nakajima S , et al. High-power fourth- and fifth-harmonic generation of a Nd:YAG laser by means of a CsLiB(6)O(10).[J]. Optics Letters, 1996, 21(17):1348.
[16]  Sakuma J ,  Asakawa Y ,  Obara M . Generation of 5-W deep-UV continuous-wave radiation at 266 nm by an external cavity with a CsLiB6O10 crystal[J]. Optics Letters, 2004, 29(1):92-4.
[17] Trnovcova, V, Fedorov, et al. Electrical and dielectric properties of b-BaB2O4 (BBO) and CsLiB6O10 (CLBO) crystals[J]. Journal of Physics & Chemistry of Solids, 2007.
[18]  Yap Y K ,  Inoue T ,  Sakai H , et al. Long-term operation of CsLiB6O10 at elevated crystal temperature[J]. Optics Letters, 1998, 23(1):34.
[19]  Yap Y K ,  Haramura S ,  Taguchi A , et al. CsLiB6O10 crystal for frequency doubling the Nd:YAG laser – ScienceDirect[J]. Optics Communications, 1998, 145( 1–6):101-104.
[20]  Bowers M S ,  Trautmann T M ,  Gerstenberger D C . Non-critically phase-matched second-harmonic generation in cesium lithium borate[C]// Advanced Solid-State Photonics. Aculight Corporation, 11805 North Creek Parkway South # 113 Bothell, Washington 98011, 2003.
[21]  Mori Y ,  Yap Y K ,  Kamimura T , et al. Recent development of nonlinear optical borate crystals for UV generation[J]. Optical Materials, 2002, 19(1):1-5.
[22]  Bai K ,  Jung S T . Growth and characterization of pure and Er-doped CsLiB 6O 10 single crystals[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 1998, 186(4):612-615.
[23]  Chandra S ,  Allik T H ,  Hutchinson J A , et al. Tunable ultraviolet laser source based on solid-state dye laser technology and CsLiB6O10 harmonic generation[J]. Optics Letters, 1997, 22(4).
[24]  Zhou W L ,  Mori Y ,  Sasaki T , et al. High-efficiency intracavity continuous-wave ultraviolet generation using crystals CsLiB~6O~1~0, -BaB~2O~4 and LiB~3O~5[J]. OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, 1996, 123(4).
[25]  Yushi K ,  Yarborough J M ,  Li L , et al. Continuous-wave all-solid-state 244 nm deep-ultraviolet laser source by fourth-harmonic generation of an optically pumped semiconductor laser using CsLiB6O10 in an external resonator[J]. Optics Letters, 2008, 33(15):1705-7.
[26]  Petrov V ,  Noack F ,  Rotermund F . Sum-Frequency Generation of Femtosecond Pulses in CsLiB(6)O(10) Down to 175 nm.[C]// Conference on Lasers & Electro-optics. 2000.
[27]  Sakuma J ,  Finch A ,  Ohsako Y , et al. High-power narrowband DUV laser source by frequency mixing in CLBO[J]. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2000, 3889:516-523.
[28]  Nishioka M ,  Kanoh A ,  Yoshimura M , et al. Growth of CsLiB 6O 10 crystals with high laser-damage tolerance[J]. J.cryst.growth, 2005, 279(1-2):76-81.

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